The brain receives lots of sensory information and must choose what to focus on and what to ignore. Many neurological disorders—including schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder—involve problems concentrating and ignoring distractions. Scientists have long believed that a brain region called the prefrontal cortex (PFC) selects what information to focus on. The neocortex, the outermost layer of the brain, is found only in mammals and is responsible for humans’ ability to recognize patterns.